Entering the three maximum amplitudes generates a nomogram, a graphical device that simplifies the process of estimating magnitude from distance (determined earlier in the tutorial from the S-P interval process) and amplitude. Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. 9 - In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. 9 - distance = travel time for S waves 0000003855 00000 n Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA The answer is the San Andreas Fault. minute apart, represent the passage of time What data is used to determine magnitude? Thanks for your feedback! 15 Bill Nye - Earthquakes Worksheet Key Earthquakes occur when the big pieces of earth's crust, called plates, move a little. 0000006011 00000 n Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). 9 - The farther a station is from the 0000002840 00000 n I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. 0000001736 00000 n 0000005081 00000 n Using online resources and simulations available through the Earthquakes Living Lab, students explore the consequences of subsurface ground type and building height on seismic d Seismographs are measuring devices designed by engineers and used by researchers to determine the locations and magnitudes of earthquakes. Finding the epicenter worksheet answer key. Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif Three seismographs are needed. Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. To complete the activity, some prior . American Geosciences Institute. Great-circle arcs are drawn on the globe using the distance of the earthquake to the station as a radius. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/docs/020204mag_policy.php. The lag time for any In this activity, the epicenter of the earthquake is in the center of Los Angeles, CA. 0000001604 00000 n To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake - SE Asia a foldable activity, slide presentation to guide reading, and an answer key! To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. Resources. Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. (Figure 3):. How far do S waves travel in 5 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . The living lab presents earthquake information through a focus on four active seismic areas and historic earthquakes in those areas. hb```f``Rl@ (l"`+uk?0.a~@6Vm;| G3f`75@v@Wz|A4#w9{(` ) approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. 1. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. 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Click on New Document and select the file importing option: upload Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key from your device, the cloud, or a protected link. The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. The point where your ruler crosses the middle line on the chart marks the magnitude (strength) of the earthquake. X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. All rights reserved. Seismic Waves. Last updated November 26, 2013. 0000002383 00000 n Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. You will receive your score and answers at the end. 2. Legal. What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? 3000 miles. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. PDF. Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Quick Tips. hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X THREE SEISMOGRAMS Seismogram A - New York, NY 1 minute 1. miles from the epicenter of an 0000000016 00000 n You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known atrial depolarization. Use this information to complete the following. Last modified July 18, 2012. 0000005149 00000 n Alignment agreement: HTAn All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. Divide the class into student pairs, and have them assemble at their computers with journals/paper and writing instruments. Three seismographs are needed. 1. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. 0000002658 00000 n What are those limits? They use three seismographs in a process called triangulation to determine earthquake epicenters. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). 0000001862 00000 n If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. (Grades 9 - 12). We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. 0000053998 00000 n Find 23 millimeters on the right side of the chart and mark that point. Section A - Operator Information 1. Looking at the nomogram, students click on each location data point to see where the three lines intersect to read the estimated magnitude. Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time Many updates and improvements! Share with Classes. H\0y (Grades Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. What is the Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc 0000030968 00000 n Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. Sign, fax and printable from PC, iPad, tablet or mobile with pdfFiller Note-taking Worksheet. It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? Success is figuring out that the epicenter is just off the coast of Chile, where the three circles intersect. Figure 2. (from left to right). Zip. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. Finally, the location of the 3 seismographs are placed on a map and the distance to the epicenter is used to draw a circle with an origin at each seismograph and a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter as taken from each seismogram. Sixty-seven people lost their lives, and property damage was estimated at $6 billion. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare Edit your locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers online. 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This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. (Grades As you may know, people have look numerous times for . m>r/Q[6 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. gov For online instructions and current fees click here. 61 0 obj <> endobj xref How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? 61 33 1,000 miles from the epicenter of an earthquake? Accessed December 11, 2013. http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/, USGS Earthquake Magnitude Policy (implemented on January 18, 2002). travel 3,000 miles. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. Swaves arrive at the seismic station after the Pwaves. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. Epicenter. When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. 0000006984 00000 n Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. minutes and P waves 8 minutes to The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. This investigation is considered generally safe to do with students. locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. (Figure 3):. Considered best for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less). U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. 0000001562 00000 n Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey 12), computer or other device with Internet access, journal or writing paper for each student. Q(_?!6YV3B"\'9:4gTp*7^/P.X!skfkJ)1nG#a\{UD+iWM+ rQR]9SFTUPlM#"c:;tnsQPlu]Uyv?Ge}W;8cMA/x}'5clES~+}S+N7}wQ:/BkmI^" 5oqaBC[TRjq4.e}F:SQg{=u\xcg~EaZKReoC?oahJ` 'w endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream The vertical lines, spaced one, minute apart, represent the passage of time, (from left to right). Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. P wave. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. Make changes to the sample. This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. 0000008845 00000 n These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. HlRnQ?R\>BjK' (i. Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects.
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