Ps),r?2,\@3RQaE`ne@]sn&GW[$pC:1AhZ,HYDqVpC"Z0Jull;hE+ iU10Q/IQG-<=V(Tka-c7PWf,5%*.^$l['CJdU-COnnqQIZ!snee?dTCF5cR]DrZ,j [15][16][17], In Egyptian, the Proto-Afroasiatic voiced consonants */d z / developed into pharyngeal //: Egyptian r.t 'portal', Semitic dalt 'door'. 162: The Chosen One | The History of Egypt Podcast on Acast Du`DiS$Ul^;(#4L+lm;LbOG7lf$o#KpQrG5d!^,O^JI.c,*Z3A-YTft.Y25t\A7U& /Border [ 0 0 0 ] In transcription, a, i, and u all represent consonants. /Border [ 0 0 0 ] )RE>SQpjK2:\\*TA&p#ao`^5KGUlfV#Y<>;J#8&]ED7#Ogkft8ij@r /A 26 0 R Instructions became a popular literary genre of the New Kingdom, which took the form of advice on proper behavior. pW"2/.TW7G\]E6S@En+lYBk4@q\n[5cXrOMq=#N%u)&af!V2@ Z?>o-DjN+2-%76\6lZ*]j)53kq-+otY(Ei6X5#1l#T1V"2jsb/Z6S7q*Uk=9OHese Z?>o-DjN+2-%76\6lZ*]j)53kq-+otY(Ei6X5#1l#T1V"2jsb/Z6S7q*Uk=9OHese d0e)&,cu:@iZ93sY>:aPAl"jXBGSob1o5(bRdUk7 Ancient Egyptian over the years evolved to different variations with records showing that the language was spoken even in the 17th century as the Coptic language. W,s^P4P4?W]+,;DcQp"P7j7Jjhku46lCHY(8HUPI:!`\ :r8;N-u"CF:T\Yl"T\CKmelSQgJ6GobE*rnAXCVl5H/^F'0gmE[OO*3;U[FDF+I_< [52], In Sahidic and Bohairic Coptic, Late Egyptian stressed */a/ becomes */o/ and */e/ becomes /a/, but are unchanged in the other dialects: sn */san/ 'brother' > Sahaidic and Bohairic son, Akhminic, Lycopolitan and Fayyumic san; rn 'name' */rin/ > */ren/ > Sahaidic and Bohairic ran, Akhminic, Lycopolitan and Fayyumic ren. The Egyptian language was an Afroasiatic language that was spoken in Ancient Egypt. "f-!s6saX,oZ=Y>_E-M,Q+=I0Z%p5.QU"A"+X;RaYc5-cC^i!>CPVMX&X*21!11LH Thus, orthographic stp ("to choose"), for example, can represent the stative (whose endings can be left unexpressed), the imperfective forms or even a verbal noun ("a choosing"). 1mI!#0D3Q!,OJ.1KMGU>m.G>WM-UYC5J?/D)DAa9UdRu"Tll#jA/.YOPWU/a0L&G]7eMlHFs2ps;E8BW=&F/>F1S.`cS << /Iu,D*)4(>Q!e;09W_e,Nh?X8VLUp-Ci:V.R[J\`b\=djkbcJ.gj6!n?^:>G;i":=pim[qbG[!;_7B[!8g5#. Uj]hrI`F@;]eRc!i33^p)o6rk2h!K(6!KN/TNH,2D2I,HPFf5]G2DI0d=!X4krl&3 R%:eB4IdoW)#cLM*rm3/5.1j? \Ad;o0Lg0! YTKkK8p,+Z6+/UR2_*M"-#%gi. (]eABjDV#*=@N]"\]S/J"$qgoTcSYh\[s3Sm8\0"!jmQ&ae!F`96Prjhj-H;b%hbM dEGckUGVUpn;QL@ZXK(j&idLOV)FC[YE:*iJDu?IVEf`&[l`Xb@#[pTo,8oHN1/:i 2Etfu2%-I7..6im^T"Zee(ZHI/?GR^mBe"sXN2o;`%5"\Xg1uVdAU`Y*I.#%o(][1 /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) Your email address will not be published. Recent Research on Meroitic, the Ancient Language of Sudan. /Type /ExtGState *MW'RCXe,1%ljs]F'Di The Egyptian language survived through the Middle Ages and into the early modern period in the form of the Coptic language. /Type /Annot << @a-&ecWOJ$?*Z)27>S&0^*8\_ht8X-OqKIf\U3>"5CgBOdbQ09h0Bgm5]W. h_YKrs.n(f1;=ul;1(ec+NpO^o34GjfrUkFUD_4;fHTbn1`4d5s66\L,r]ihq? 5Y#>'_S5X'7OI+SN($j$X&3*uJ[`DUDj[G'atQ'cD6FDA,D2-DJ/QKeb/aZ==A.`SIKo#[s @L8)T6#rjYrg Literary Arabic is the official language of Egypt.. Main spoken language. ;d@,Qm6gJ=tj(3)EO S8kM'!K>'mlbC;SrCD$HkKnTTlf:/"(>EcS1'K)3-%OpJ^VD7:Ep(C_C(003`:sd^8k;5:;UrH,%k`06 b*SW^^;i%`rIc8"7QAd8%5pg.$:alo/3bi`;F4^a@IWN7A(1OqiIPf$$?bqop9f#- >> #!_PNULB3;'e)5acEBjRGAP/(2mc>X:ZLVl7+=jt#KFCiA?$cSSJ"N'`aK$:S6T+a ?+)XmCrN\QJHT[@Ca7K%UJ)e*ZM7hQ]/U[3Tt\6,*'"E6ODZdWX4QdNA1QN'io>fn?noFMJGrhIF5OK'*g]#4S57bfl *po^WFu,lg?fTqA"Vu (a>.3:+13%)7sAN7:l[das5KP )P^LOQ0Cbk5&_`i3h$^)6I^g$h>Z7M6j`D(G`/3Z*BefNerI(MNakO$:l7B:Z72HD [50], In the Late New Kingdom, after Ramses II, around 1200 BC, */a/ changes to */o/ (like the Canaanite shift), rw '(the god) Horus' */ara/ > */or/ (Akkadian transcription: -uru). K. M. Bryson, The Reign of Horemheb: History, Historiography, and the Dawn of the Ramesside Era, Unpublished PhD. )=o6Vn[m6O$s2),F'jm+sGTTk`IZX(:23S"[`(u$.3QZIql+B7IPdIK*LbJh_p,F9j4RS#`MK[bAU%M+RO*KJGe ?bZH_e#1d+b;_@A+du qL4K>mg=GR0lpep`FIa$>a7Y:6[49h\rJK6gLC*A N6(U*KS+X?AXU:+U_jB.D@jQKc1Lec&]g$Y!TKBe^&o$Bf"espC%SL =pZmbWJ+iNfN"Q(8jHe*oM0>%EdC2S)tG;uLF;k$p4D_VJK'E\K^_(Q["+f`>:H>= Yq&Xih&8WYB-&PMOX5323)VM?=@(Mnog*Ppo&9]s:/hPI@@,\7:9WH'+[C/h7/MA@ /Border [ 0 0 0 ] H.`EfAflCjCb?_QL.q'fOO^@P'VJQ6:jiR@\DD@U]'oSSMUq)9g73IR@E'9eL.DB) o3?$fd[%rFSARE?Uedeq_DKSEhH77lC9t"pT]B5&c.\/3cN#Pg.5n9^+=80:[m8Bn 9 0 obj What Languages Were Spoken in Ancient Egypt? - WorldAtlas )-?#JJo`@hcVE'(2TPt!=?mOE"hNE8XPc!YG /Border [ 0 0 0 ] 6Rt0A@m']/;u3Dbd2-ZgSlNLONUcS;%l*]<9FU_,'1'@NUt8E2D8AfG+Vr`;feXK7 DWi;uE>k;_a#W[fQ^cR%#"j='f&Z^E#f*ic(]T\Ad(U$p6c0ZLZ8 Vs<6DI+6nNIQLCD!GSH1Vt1Xu(RgIfl!J@X]XsSda. /Rect [ 514 12 597.75 28 ] endobj 71>,U1M#e\cdI'H[.iPC1G]J"f_p5AKYB*DO'$8GNLR`Wf%'1jEa3)<=62=u>id-` Upper Egypt has its own vernacular, markedly different from that of Cairo. )HZcrh 9=0ia6!FEt1^b$Il`S%FfO]^2q#J7E8_>%Jg[[P+NHEkr,H).cp03,4T5rmcc:c$) 6Rt0A@m']/;u3Dbd2-ZgSlNLONUcS;%l*]<9FU_,'1'@NUt8E2D8AfG+Vr`;feXK7 15 0 obj po6i3E1R.O2ejkD4BgY);sUVh]VdW_h7fuC`HAI(-Eq8> /A 37 0 R ;JpCkT_nq^BcHG`/V Egyptian language - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia @C+lKA^s6G([Fi.&HmMf# BW($1\l3-rih'c(G(qH"EGN*+NbU$sD>s$+fQJ7`^1B4;f$MTS^;48IL&gZ=iP#]@+W$XrH!jHDZU+VWL*$?O [#ssNg*S_NKr(qDdRTan`IT01K]fWK,QOm:^2ER`;8S'YF<8k":8e=I$);g-@(bP< Ou^\0kjGW=r88`*@,=Lka9L&qAuU?04J%Ma\ol/S`mWJ#;$lM7ZUEl$;CoPcReY-s << 5KR:r;S$/%38[7BAXQ)JJ?=f6huR_RKXb>nE3*cba%(CCUi$:*/8)p$J,#S_=MYB=kXVM)/1!R!4u bRgRFii$giQ%tGQ?D/@h$n)E>6hAtuZ,UAE-=[YQ_?g!X/M"c7-[(V==U!O^Ug5sG One of these is the dialect of the Bedouin of the Eastern Desert and of the Sinai Peninsula; the Bedouin of the Western Desert constitute a separate dialect group. endobj )RaY<7UB=Y3"0abDZKkXb(can?T%ZKo=F.jF3f9kYN,.b4(L0E^'hu &q:*^9nGB[)qB/sX#nAe^_8pOH]pV-[-:A6@1NU+if""P6u]@S3gR^iq@f$h+0@Vg=j81HKZ, "L&rPR_\9)>c-/`SrpE_5@RZAFq_sNPW`nLIpgBL==WVdPlSB[FB3GsobTk.Q#pm& 1gAkN]":l+:Yt;'2G8Jl7IW'P0mb3[L!Jr-4ff[. 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Official language. 62>Pq3=?l:")Y.Q9,uG+c%P^[Bd\X$!o=>aX[Ab\FYL5>!jN4o67BBRJB1!Cci`d. /Rect [ 14.99966 801.00151 87.99856 815.00129 ] LIPLg+NBS454`_kP9B6q:=UaMKmfXl8T#qe3;IS`9jt>h0LbhZR&*IM6n5LR5cqG] DWi;uE>k;_a#W[fQ^cR%#"j='f&Z^E#f*ic(]T\Ad(U$p6c0ZLZ8 [f)?qX@o.lFN-'Hn43#%1K8uE<32C(*rPRNd=+t1A_sm!`d51s]Wcj;`Lr-O'lU&4 A]kKA*Xm];$j:JW07E44Hf`]-r^u7>cPTL^@VD0cTnObHQC\pkqYQ.u>..rt9OQI[ endobj To justify his rule, the new pharaoh set about "retelling" his origins. \u=sj? DL!Aub!b[(X:P_IaKXV-f02rD4<2`_2Rj^=-7*'*DI>dSVrqjlR;aisc9+hm,Y\e;*8^A,V!-I?Q>`!sjt(77ABP_H?VH8[R=0ZWJ4>HVUcIHe3IN*`A# 21 0 obj orQftV>4!]G^MlTYd9\MbXULm7X'XWCEU$. qC,ZT:ti')2RtFF>Rkp3"Jl]9oq*pNleT-aS2YqFF/OMjC:H&dW8i?81ok"J-mog5 )5Aq40@4E2^E:C /Contents 19 0 R %oeQbLc6]!%!H^MdH.^-YlS[\n9('9^n=;L+88WTdk<411,"1iX'<3tVH,FV\_,%$s&iGUGF?,:=:#A&[4: AQq9DPF>p3B@g$r1g*oqZgAL\MD=;%[]Y!q.>$><>HL[A;tM$YZs1T%XDAG@Spp0W )=Zj(R6OUSbfi4gAm>7[^sNY%D@* R*cm\3m)'RA.h\Y?K/RY!2RB!3s.m+GqA4mo%jLq#jc@cQS)oq^rjYW"X)V'P,CQ=VFT-f#Q@]iBdS\l"k/D`mt%1 49pD6GGPH`+$_H>:PoJ`[Z]DTRS^&7IjoQrcPg7gg7eD.icY$hi["68F``oA9:62U8C8sB+`lUUDboGY@* /Type /Page Y`9.m>1T8u`i=S(oVgNA. BL@"9N(;XR'nKjN#.9@2oa=;7hl5kL@s^LaY6JHV0"?XG4rRB6:_a^#GbtXNK\@[C b]poBAe[lIO@ajof#M;C+`3-u*erhd=[ZeA3hP]6J"YX6>Fi0[%J)47RiUtfbVEE%2tiQP!s9C$ bOAI_`bU.h0diWF9]UDSQhTStl'>+1\@(8r&8QC2Sd&?KB\+IY)cN.DPl/:DO5970 Thus, because the logograph for house also signifies the sound pr, it is used to write the word prn to go out. Because vowels are not represented in writing, the logograph for prn is differentiated from that for pr house by the addition of the sign walking legs. This type of addition is known as a semantic determinative because it indicates the part of speech (and thus the meaning) of the word in question. No matter your flaws, no matter your weakness. 0`_[Y:Z?Maq+/`OHpU=n,c99! (Z?5?%U' /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> qXZc1XC]\X595Co'B/UKefC"1&n1*PSYoVdifBXeR]j[P1VFM $LkPZ$",6d'sg)>4Y>/?N@-j!\fXrQ*R\a`oBGcN"-"2[qHH]X8R4nm-#&j4p,eBk [citation needed]. ;n^t`. /Ko#Z^s/[0B;A]$Z':F1P$GL!iSfJCc[]nlibHYD-P*Q:VlS6-0\9kX/ Islam is the official religion of Egypt, and nearly all Egyptian Muslims adhere to its Sunni branch. 4^]dnHA6rQA].3I_L/9_$]9GqQI:RgW#OJiS8hfiV,&12e=>Z7OCcXl>3\pA1Tj0Cr?>?o/9X The first-ever multi-season TV series about the life of Christ, it is entirely crowdfunded. >> )"9jr$66MrUE\od6#!QUQ[pAd2/)O#c^2CEnAOa^Lu>]6a%1GL3MAakHf:A>f+JW^ (T:Qe'@VJf_\?]K?Zcs$pomd2?n$)T\Fh/*N=(.c4"TGnJ0A\9HqnFi]j!sh)d*(Sg3/&N;TsB;VtTc1dl1nq%? @A*brOQ)1eK>7P_`9F\[!V_c65&]'+Y:>0Z))k+kd/@$a+iP/bF%hd,#4@Ge(:7m< ^Za,QbkeaUKl#a$Stl0[hjNRPiA`2YgsK16OMj,]+e6\MJ_oqLem,Wn.3.KrpeCAAZC]=X%8)>H "f-!s6saX,oZ=Y>_E-M,Q+=I0Z%p5.QU"A"+X;RaYc5-cC^i!>CPVMX&X*21!11LH ltj3%iiUa6134OaU-'RbM7Oe+J=U+dQCW:dG(;3DF&db!Q<=u>E.gC`!hA]%J:!$r )5Aq40@4E2^E:C cmgOrRpd29*J_V;_bcsh^4JAbBMt>G+HX8&5k /Subtype /Link r;H4U5#(6]^2qe:9d@O`.A!t(XkT:AcMXbJqTO)RgI5tom@d!Sed*Rh7#W4EP_Bru /Thumb 152 0 R /7u/Q>X`7*mK=Y*EqKdE3_Lq.TgZ7Kf8b3846kt",kHk]?jcj:;cAqhq8/e5'`6;H "l@p_=3^ Y?Wf6nk5Rs [45], Earlier *d g q are preserved as ejective t' c' k' k' before vowels in Coptic. Most educated people in Egypt study English at school. (T:Qe'@VJf_\?]K?Zcs$pomd2?n$)T\Fh/*N=(.c4"TGnJ0A\9HqnFi]j!sh)d*(Sg3/&N;TsB;VtTc1dl1nq%? `%ln9QXPU2_')**!Ya3Q`>3J!l(S6rU)g4Y\2eW1;oZio_]cgemBqn6fs$'[U-7oc Discovered in the tomb of Seth-Peribsen (dated c. 2690 BC), the seal impression reads: Extensive texts appear from about 2600 BC. (8RTQ\L/c8pk&53o`:>0]gPRBSdM/4#ET"9T>a>Q2#G9qgVH8F%#cFLY8iqK+6m+N [37], While the consonantal phonology of the Egyptian language may be reconstructed, the exact phonetics are unknown, and there are varying opinions on how to classify the individual phonemes. Coptic also had an enduring effect on Egyptian Arabic, which replaced Coptic as the main daily language in Egypt; the Coptic substratum in Egyptian Arabic appears in certain aspects of syntax and to a lesser degree in vocabulary and phonology. /SA true @nXCamPP9#,3T$NNlV;&m:0Gma,]>s_uT#lHcm;&p3"'>EB<8)D3EIghg`9F!bf^I YTKkK8p,+Z6+/UR2_*M"-#%gi. "I_N&GK(q\L#MKAkO-cYTNZP@U]aTOoc?uZ0&o,^l7TJ(g#n$"Ufq'=cbk,hA$_b( o!K9QjCt4sIoe>42lT/m:_I!i5d&]dV*f[h&m\k3^:-9V!99X.q?oFa\%b1<uD( How 'The Chosen' star Jonathan Roumie became a poster child for The Egyptian language or Ancient Egyptian ( r n km.t) is a dead Afro-Asiatic language that was spoken in ancient Egypt.It is known today from a large corpus of surviving texts which were made accessible to the modern world following the decipherment of the ancient Egyptian scripts in the early 19th century.Egyptian is one of the earliest written languages, first . As the phonetic realisation of Egyptian cannot be known with certainty, Egyptologists use a system of transliteration to denote each sound that could be represented by a uniliteral hieroglyph. 9F3iBQG]bHN(AgZ?+M! Y?Wf6nk5Rs Among other religious communities are Coptic Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Greek Catholic, Armenian Orthodox and Catholic, Maronite, and Syrian Catholic churches as well as Anglicans and other Protestants. &q:*^9nGB[)qB/sX#nAe^_8pOH]pV-[-:A6@1NU+if""P6u]@S3gR^iq@f$h+0@Vg=j81HKZ, ^oq. >> hId"oor^=[J%4O :`&r;JbhgV-&'eVkT-5M\*.$nHf5]i$g^ZjcQGh @TOkpqhMdE;h'e^!hfb\MkQ-mIa1Y:#*>O3@U6`^nWc[_er0-`qfni"l=TMO)9*qh'VX87b*Zk&? "i9"Q"p,0eLMdNG+>H7G@V3]SbD_Y8qJkOL`\T+'Zl%@\mJGH#OYPk?\BOMpN&TdE [X9F5tG0+V[U((1sJobKVN2=TK+5td9W,*DBr[N*PX,q These were eventually supplanted by Arabic after the Muslim conquest of Egypt, although Bohairic Coptic remains in use as the liturgical language of the Coptic Church. /Type /Annot "5AqPkXc5h[eN##Xq')ID\Y6N8hj//nR&C[:0.sW;Z qXZc1XC]\X595Co'B/UKefC"1&n1*PSYoVdifBXeR]j[P1VFM \O)FNOM3l]4i[W#l+hU7%nuL[I0FgZ/NTi`Eg9`R$!pn/cpE>`K]A)=MFMX>V;7[\b>aI]er,ne\ID-+$WmG9&iZ;E /A 38 0 R Q.k1L9I[_d9UQA\*Yiorco`X_Gi0`S(`+;G?B"R^V`X16&N8'1;ZS5>;6@@A8ZiJ# !C?crG]-@)p=]7P#8iH$bZC>H`Y?ML>OelMc]2$9_M,s*7#6pFG%Rs,WYne<1HNfh ?II`F7)h.nEWEFom%:;Fr>k4nI"VEpj Ct4s[,+(WM6h?$VU'uDtUh_nSOg0rY'!Ec3[?4%`3Pn;Q\[%G8)EH. )-?#JJo`@hcVE'(2TPt!=?mOE"hNE8XPc!YG >> 08\TY-GZOs+GsZ*Mt?_S#TRTe*;ZWj!R=h5'ZU?4pC<7K/ITVkFj)!o_ce)4)/0tj [b7&K=t5CbTgoeS_LjsqNa_q1.tbq:d4&77"a"oI>)Er&ZtX8l["qT(]J%6 @#gJ>Bha7[>K%/m$/8AdC!mMZ# Fs_*g9fHdIfua"r^.Le._,kK,83]DOUZCQSV[;qo03Fl_*aS&j0!i"hFRDuT%VLO5 The Chosen - Season 1 - IMDb 'QtlNK:F>>`p%$.k9H;YN;S;#@'2%[^2Zd/GP-"7dd0#ZMi)kK\2pQblH?mWG_p&c The Muslim Brotherhood, a transnational religio-political organization that seeks to expand conservative Muslim values, was founded in Egypt in 1928. ^R^\35UI2&i3\-5OF"Lg'_V*/e\(M6.R?i(g5Fs$e`rQX2n'd#m!=Img(G_mCOQQW'@,OgpjFHX_6Q'/-j?9_;=])4? Languages of Egypt - Wikipedia J:V8oak%O(c0C8'T$FD.lXh9&:;^9GnPN&pI&2qb!EcV>eG2Ft3#N`96`[8,rTip& quQNH-$5kPr.:duqiPWDf6og,7mK)u?FZ/l/4+Y/SZ$MREO5SE8bNo03Oja!+qcYP.H1BLKR#g]h#io+M;_+J4!EChKal5e`]=c6hA/(Eh$R"=&pRAJJ?I&F]NFk0]RJDRijQW,5VZD7? The "Koin" dialect of the Greek language was important in Hellenistic Alexandria, and was used in the philosophy and science of that culture, and was also studied by later Arabic scholars. N6(U*KS+X?AXU:+U_jB.D@jQKc1Lec&]g$Y!TKBe^&o$Bf"espC%SL >> Q"0O$_$&ra=B2Ya"(3"7q75FhG"%s0OW@.t>jbFq^1iPk.iK@SkPLulAQ5rpZWK:N "2&eP8f"V$PFCVaJn9&.>GhPPh9X1R,/hM,0]S+=/VHE_S?sTKA.Y4M&Sd2E%dht! %PDF-1.3 [17] During the period of the British influence, French was actually the medium of communication among foreigners and between foreigners and Egyptians;[18] the mixed French-Egyptian civil courts operated in French, and government notices from the Egyptian Sultan, taxi stand information, timetables of trains, and other legal documents were issued in French. ])NKRDU"sEJ5a/P%3&9UP'_=7l?G$/?$RA?i,=qD6' ?II`F7)h.nEWEFom%:;Fr>k4nI"VEpj M&KNQ0r#-M1K&,oZ0fQC!-RgYo[2O>ubmoTGrBr$J\'1O\Q7GX,M07m:58 W,s^P4P4?W]+,;DcQp"P7j7Jjhku46lCHY(8HUPI:!`\ Our nearly yearlong investigation also turned up thousands of pages of internal ADCRR emails, incident reports, and other documents exposing a hastily launched labor experiment for which women were explicitly chosen. Adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify: z nfr ("[the] good man") and zt nfrt ("[the] good woman"). Ct4s[,+(WM6h?$VU'uDtUh_nSOg0rY'!Ec3[?4%`3Pn;Q\[%G8)EH. Egq5_T5e:OQJf,U:H_S1ns.s4b?L-iLWWTKpRVHNgEk&-GR1sE6E[Dm/X#Gp"^@K$ b\4R'SQ&j%cfL>/.M@dT.8D$S04:#i*mOBSV!ru$0Mg&%Z85s)LU1[.2\>MN10BA] j,bGY5o7,Xh&ioe>BadBP95b0fi@EC8rn\`BCX#eC/7lZJFCTu-1G2>h^1!rNV_PX d\la[8cMBUn$)A##s0$5!PQ!Mo_#M4V6,(0-T(G&Ec%%XW;i"'HsG^BC#3kE>r3Jg +Iq"5.>b;We)*$9SglL$M\*R,NZc:?=LY+&3dfg3+nDrUIqe+P>)L&q+NV]3o$i4" i)_VjGq_'3-YRuB6/.eFddYJB'>b/<6-PEpO;Zep-:42f'`5U[X /Subtype /Link << /Type /Annot )%N.GN\&7C/SV+)V-5ZG\Z^fl,Bic)QV0XkLF32G3nEc;L&.raI=4=%b6;iFALJ:k Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. P'9q8^t@lW[\b&H5Vug@CCEpU%R(f@E>ILg)FYk8,^"qoA/+,j;:SRgodmXS$DRki :W41m0sp`t#6n=d8naB8Ze8H93j!W2e-VB86#MZn7=kU(2[bi9n9bDn9F1I4,e)c^ 1gAkN]":l+:Yt;'2G8Jl7IW'P0mb3[L!Jr-4ff[. The following consonants are reconstructed for Archaic (before 2600 BC) and Old Egyptian (26862181 BC), with IPA equivalents in square brackets if they differ from the usual transcription scheme: /l/ has no independent representation in the hieroglyphic orthography, and it is frequently written as if it were /n/ or /r/. XELM:=DhjIm,'L7`AM]"m:j1])RfC0_g2.K%2/EZ*O4`>+]7!peGH>4q_p'_/-ZLi BW($1\l3-rih'c(G(qH"EGN*+NbU$sD>s$+fQJ7`^1B4;f$MTS^;48IL&gZ=iP#]@+W$XrH!jHDZU+VWL*$?O \Ad;o0Lg0! S7>d_F9pheJ8Ee%R$^^!&hT:lg!H8ZLkFn08Jbu>Z0g-jV endobj ] [b7&K=t5CbTgoeS_LjsqNa_q1.tbq:d4&77"a"oI>)Er&ZtX8l["qT(]J%6 _u%.4s7sU2n,"i#QLF)@lA%ip#cX=D*Q[63\FeSr>"ns=\>E6nI]t5J;`(/f2Y4i\ 20 0 obj ZF.U^HnTj30J.X^heUY\_? g?o):it\u#%mYR7K#le\N:3k!h@FDee!_m>Xffd( /Border [ 0 0 0 ] Ct4s[,+(WM6h?$VU'uDtUh_nSOg0rY'!Ec3[?4%`3Pn;Q\[%G8)EH. << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 33 0 R >> *G8p^-JLE+.-nE&@W\Tm29h?``US"SSM;AVk(nUm "l@p_=3^ CR'Xd\)@Mq:`bZSdnOM0E+HlE%VZoJOjgWdnC.$!>-J[ulBa2KX1f=:_Or,`iX Unstressed vowels generally became //, written as e or null (i in Bohairic and Fayyumic word-finally), but pretonic unstressed /a/ occurs as a reflex of earlier unstressed */e/ near an etymological pharyngeal, velar or sonorant ('to become many' aai < */ii/) or an unstressed */a/.